正交试验优选盐炙续断炮制工艺

目的:研究盐炙工艺对川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量的影响,优选盐炙续断炮制工艺.方法:以HPLC测定川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量为评价指标,采用正交试验法筛选盐炙续断炮制工艺参数.结果:优选的盐炙续断炮制工艺为每500 g续断药材用10 g盐浸润45 min,150℃炒制8 min.结论:优选的盐炙续断炮制工艺可明显提高续断有效成分的溶出率,且工艺稳定、质量可控,为续断炮制规范的研究提供参考.     

Protection against free radicals (UVB irradiation) of a water-soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran. Study using human keratinocyte monolayer and reconstructed human epidermis

The antioxidant capacity of a water-soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran (EERB) has been tested in two cell models: keratinocyte monolayers and human reconstructed epidermis. Cells were incubated in culture medium in presence of different amounts of EERB and were UVB irradiated. Cell population assessment (MTT assay) and MDA (malonaldehyde) production were evaluated. The EERB did not induce cytotoxic effect for concentrations inferior or equal to 100 μg/mL. Human keratinocyte monolayers were protected of irradiation preventing 33% the lipid peroxidation process at concentration of 10 μg/ml of EEBR. In reconstructed human epidermis, 100 μg/mL decreased lipid peroxidation process by 44% (p < 0.01) with regards to irradiated negative control. This effect was comparable to that of vitamin E at 600 μg/mL. Our data indicate that EERB is potentially able to efficiently counteract UVB-induced response. The EERB, diluted at 10% with water has very good skin compatibility. This product showed a sun protection factor of 4.8 ± 0.3. Thus we can propose EERB as a useful natural standardized extract in skin photoprotection with promising applications in the field of dermatology.     

白术多糖脱蛋白脱色工艺

 目的：筛选白术多糖脱色、脱蛋白最佳工艺。方法：以脱蛋白率与多糖损失率为指标,选择最佳脱蛋白 方法;通过单因素和正交试验确定白术多糖最佳脱色条件。结果：三氯乙酸法（TCA）为最佳脱蛋白方法,白术多糖脱 色的最佳条件是：温度60 ℃,时间15 min,活性炭加入量为1%,pH值为5.5。结论：优化后的工艺条件稳定有效,可为 白术多糖工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Effects of cereal fiber on bowel function: A systematic review of intervention trials

AIM: To comprehensively review and quantitatively summarize results from intervention studies that examined the effects of intact cereal dietary fiber on parameters of bowel function. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using Pub Med and EMBASE. Supplementary literature searches included screening reference lists from relevant studies and reviews. Eligible outcomes were stool wet and dry weight, percentage water in stools, stool frequency and consistency, and total transit time. Weighted regression analyses generated mean change(± SD) in these measures per g/d of dietary fiber. RESULTS: Sixty-five intervention studies among generally healthy populations were identified. A quantitative examination of the effects of non-wheat sources of intact cereal dietary fibers was not possible due to an insufficient number of studies. Weighted regression analyses demonstrated that each extra g/d of wheat fiber increased total stool weight by 3.7 ± 0.09 g/d(P 0.0001; 95%CI: 3.50-3.84), dry stool weight by 0.75 ± 0.03 g/d(P 0.0001; 95%CI: 0.69-0.82), and stool frequency by 0.004 ± 0.002 times/d(P = 0.0346; 95%CI: 0.0003-0.0078). Transittime decreased by 0.78 ± 0.13 h per additional g/d(P 0.0001; 95%CI: 0.53-1.04) of wheat fiber among those with an initial transit time greater than 48 h.CONCLUSION: Wheat dietary fiber, and predominately wheat bran dietary fiber, improves measures of bowel function.     

Fermented rice bran prevents atopic dermatitis in DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice

The fermentation of natural plants has a favorable effect on the functional and biological activities of living systems.These include anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory,and anti-platelet aggregation activities.This is attributed to the chemical conversion of the parent plants to functional constituents,which show more potent biological activity.In our study,rice bran along with oriental medicinal plants(Angelicae gigantis,Cnidium officinale,Artemisia princeps,and Camellia sinensis) was fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Pichia deserticola(FRBE).We evaluated the effects of oral administration of FRBE on atopic dermatitis in l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(DNCB)-treated NC/Nga mice.FRBE significantly ameliorated the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of skin lesions in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis and reduced levels of serum immunoglobulin E and the differential white blood cell count.In addition,it reduced skin thickness compared to that of atopic dermatitis-affected skin.FRBE treatment also reduced mast cell incorporation in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis.The total cell number in dorsal skin tissue and the axillary lymph node increased following DNCB application,and this was normalized by FRBE treatment.Moreover,it decreased the levels of CD8~+ helper T cells and Gr-1~+/CD11b~+ B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin lesions in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis.Using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis,we demonstrated that FRBE significantly inhibited mRNA expression of cytokines(e.g.,interleukin-5 and interleukin-13) and cyclooxygenase-2 in AD skin lesions.These results suggest that FRBE could be a valuable herbal remedy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.     

Effect of Dietary Intake on the Levels of Biliary Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Having Inhibitory Activity on Mutagens

Unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs), such as palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids, haveinhibitory actions on mutagenesis. These FFAs in bile may play a role in preventing cholecystopathy and theirlevels may be influenced by diet. However, the effects of dietary intake on biliary FFAs levels is not known. Inorder to examine possible associations between dietary habits and biliary FFAs levels, bile samples were collectedfrom resected gallbladders of 114 Chilean female patients with gallstones, and FFAs were measured with anHPLC system. The long-term dietary intake of the patients was investigated through a semi-quantitative foodfrequency questionnaire. A high intake of vegetables was negatively correlated with the total FFA level (r = -0.264, P = 0.010). Positive correlations were found between fruit consumption and the lauric acid level (r =0.200, P = 0.041), fish consumption and the levels of oleic (r = 0.370, P <0.0001), linolenic (r = 0.197, P = 0.038)and arachidonic (r = 0.200, P =0.035) acids, and consumption of foods fried in vegetable oil and the linoleic acidlevel (r = 0.269, P =0.004). Linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids which may have an inhibitory effect onactions of unknown mutagens in bile appear to be increased by consumption of high levels of fish and friedfoods.     

基于仿生技术对薏苡仁麸炒过程中色泽气味变化研究

目的 对薏苡仁麸炒过程中的色泽与气味进行客观量化并对色泽与气味的变化特征进行研究。方法 采用CM-5型分光测色计（电子眼）及Heracles NEO超快速气相电子鼻技术，并通过判别分析、主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、判别因子分析（discriminant factor analysis,DFA）、风味热图等方法对获取数据进行处理分析。结果 随着炮制程度的加深，薏苡仁外观色泽整体上呈现变暗（L*值不断降低）、变红（a*值不断增加）、变黄（b*值不断增加）的变化趋势，基于粉末色度值L*、a*、b*所构建的判别函数实现了生薏苡仁及不同炮制程度麸炒薏苡仁饮片的区分。薏苡仁固有及在麸炒过程中共检测出34种挥发性气味物质，随着炮制程度的加深，挥发性气味物质的丰富度不断提高。热图分析结果表明1-丁烯、2-丁烯、丙烯醛、乙硫醇、2-丁醇、乙偶姻、1,4-二氧六环、丙二醇、1-甲基-1H-吡咯、甲基环己烯、丁酸乙酯、丁基二甲硫醚、糠醇、辛内酯14种成分在薏苡仁麸炒过程中变化最为明显。PCA与DFA均可实现生薏苡仁及不同炮制程度麸炒薏苡仁饮片的区分。结论 ...     

Determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in imported rice bran oil in Iran

In this current study, the contents of heavy metals including Pb, As, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Mn in imported rice bran oil in Iran were investigated with microwave digestion method based on an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry system (ICP-OES). The concentrations range of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu in rice bran oil samples were measured as 0.066–0.30, 0.008–0.014, 0.005–0.01, 0.047–0.01, 0.025–0.74 and 0.01–0.096 μg/g, respectively. A significant difference (p-value < 0.05) in the mean concentration of Pb in imported rice bran oils samples was observed. The sum of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for heavy metals for children and adults were 2.6 × 10⁻⁴ and 2.4 × 10⁻⁵, respectively, which an acceptable level proposed values (10⁻⁴–10⁻⁶) by U.S. EPA. Moreover, the target hazard quotients (THQs) of As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Zn for children were limited to between 1.17 × 10^-5 and 9.49 × 10⁻⁹, and in adults were limited to 2.33 × 10⁻⁷and 6.82 × 10^-7, which were lower than the acceptable limit (THQ < 1). There have been concerns regarding heavy metals since past up to now in all foodstuffs. We demonstrated in this study that there are traceable concentrations of heavy metals in six brand of rice bran oils.     

Simultaneous effect of vacuum and ultrasound assisted enzymatic extraction on the recovery of plant protein and bioactive compounds from sesame bran

The latest studies on the extraction of bio-components from plant materials have elaborated on novel approaches to increase yield. This study evaluated the effect of vacuum operation parameters on the recovery of protein and antioxidant compounds from sesame bran. In this context, vacuum-ultrasound assisted extraction (VU) and vacuum-ultrasound assisted enzymatic extraction (VUE) methods were carried out, and the vacuum parameters were investigated using central composite design by response surface methodology (RSM). The independent parameters were found effective on protein yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values. Optimum conditions for VU were 21 min vacuum time, 72 min restoration time and 539 mmHg vacuum pressure; and for VUE were 1.82 AU/100 g enzyme concentration, 8 min vacuum time, 68 min restoration time and 238 mmHg vacuum pressure. The protein yields increased by 31.0 and 41.6 % with VU and VUE, respectively compared to standard alkaline extraction. SEM images revealed deteriorative effects of applied extraction methods. SDS-PAGE analysis was conducted to examine detailed protein fractionation and alcalase assisted extraction revealed small protein sub-units (<18 kDa) which implies the presence of potential bioactive peptides. Additionally, LC/Q-TOF/MS analysis was performed and organic compounds in sesame bran extracts were identified.     

A blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil lowers blood pressure and improves the lipid profile in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients

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